His main interests are on distributed generation, power system dynamics, control and stability, renewable energy, energy storage and electricity markets. Mauricio Caldora Costa 2 has been Director at Electromagnetics Technology since , where he works on consulting projects involving electromagnetic field simulation.
His main interests are finite element and other numerical methods, electromagnetic devices simulation and optimization, software development and power systems. This site uses cookies. By continuing to use this site you agree to our use of cookies. To find out more, see our Privacy and Cookies policy. Close this notification. Download ebook Download PDF book.
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The mechanical terminal has two terminal variables: f fld force , x position The loss mechanism is separated from the energy-storage mechanism. The interaction between the electric and mechanical terminals, i.
Figure 3. Equations 3. The ability to identify a lossless-energy-storage system is the essence of the energy method. This is done mathematically as part of the modeling process. For the lossless magnetic-energy-storage system of Fig. It is through this reaction voltage that the external electric circuit supplies power to the coupling magnetic field and hence to the mechanical output terminals.
Combining 3. This field acts as the energy-conversion medium, and its energy is the reservoir between the electric and mechanical system. The predominant energy storage occurs in the air gap, and the properties of the magnetic circuit are determined by the dimensions of the air gap. Since the magnetic energy storage system is lossless, it is a conservative system. See Fig. Therefore, 3. Equation 3. The selection of energy or coenergy as the state function is purely a matter of convenience.
Consider the relay in Fig. Assume the relay armature is at position x so that the device operating at point a in Fig. In a singly-excited device, the force acts to increase the inductance by pulling on members so as to reduce the reluctance of the magnetic path linking the winding.
Measurement systems: torque proportional to two electric signals; power as the product of voltage and current. Energy conversion devices: multiply-excited magnetic field system. A simple system with two electrical terminals and one mechanical terminal: Fig. That is, the coenergy function is a relatively simple function of displacement.
The use of a coenergy function of the terminal currents simplifies the determination of torque or force. Systems with more than two electrical terminals are handled in analogous fashion.
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